FLANG+276+Readings

// You may select from these articles for your professional reading assignments in FLANG 276. // // Articles in **bold** font are highly recommended.toc //

**Advocacy** = = Center for Applied Linguistics. (n.d.). Why, how, and when should my child learn a second language? //Center for Applied Linguistics.// Available online at []

Hallam, M. K. (2009). Another piece of the language learning puzzle: Why teacher dispositions are a crucial aspect of student success. //The Language Educator, 4//(1), 26-29.

What the Research Shows

[]

From ACTFL’s advocacy web page—contains a list of claims about language learning, each of which is hyperlinked to a well-annotated list of studies that support the claim

Research in Support of Elementary School Foreign Language Learning

[]

An annotated bibliography reprinted by ACTFL that is divided into two sections—FLES and immersion

The Benefits of Second Language Study

[]

A very nicely organized list of findings with citations – not specific to elementary, though

Research-based Responses for Common Administrator Questions

[]

A brief list of questions, each answered with an annotated list of research citations. Formatting is terrible, but the overall structure may be useful in organizing a presentation

=Assessment=

[|ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines (Updated 2012)]

Campbell, Christine, & Duncan, Greg. (2007). From theory to practice: General trends in foreign language teaching methodology and their influence on language assessment. //Language and Linguistics Compass, 1//(6), 592-611. Retrieved May 20, 2008, from http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1749-818X.2007.00032.x

Educational Communications Board. (2008-2011). [|World language assessment professional development guides]. World Language Assessment. Retrieved April 24, 2012, from World language assessment.

FionaB. (2009, November 15). [|Grading 2.0: Evaluation in the digital age]. //HASTAC (Humanities, Arts, Science, & Technology Collaboratory).// Retrieved September 29, 2010, from []


 * Hall, Elizabeth Wikfors, & Salmon, Susan J. (2003). [|Chocolate chip cookies and rubrics: Helping students understand rubrics in inclusive settings]. //Teaching Exceptional Children,// 8-11. Retrieved November 12, 2010, from [|http://www.sbac.edu/~werned/DATA/RESEARCH/journals/Teaching%20Exceptional%20Children%20JOURNAL/choc%20chip%20rubric%20activity.pdf] **

[|I Will Not Let An Exam Result Decide My Fate]

[|Learn to Dance in a Year]


 * [|Linguafolio: Exemplars] **


 * Nonacs, Peter. (2013, April 22). [|Cheating to learn: How a UCLA professor gamed a game theory midterm]. KCRW: Which way LA? Retrieved April 25, 2013, from** ** [] **

Patton, Dean. (2013, January 11). [|Standardized test backlash: Some Seattle teachers just say 'no.' Christian Science Monitor]//.// Retrieved January 14, 2013, from http://www.csm onitor.com/USA/Education/2013/0111/Standardized-test-backlash-Some-Seattle-teachers-just-say-no?nav=87-frontpage-entryNineItem

Public Schools of North Carolina. (2001). [|Oral language assessment in the foreign language class: Planning, conducting, and managing the possible dream]. Retrieved October 9, 2007, from http://community.learnnc.org/dpi/secondlang/archives/OralAssessment.pdf

- Sandrock, Paul. (2010). //The keys to assessing language performance: A teacher's manual for measuring student progress.// Alexandria, VA: The American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. ISBN 978-0-9705798-3-6.

Taylor, James, & Luckau, Paul F. (1996/1986). Chapter 12 - Testing and evaluation. //Fundamentals of language teaching: What every Spanish teacher needs to know.// Brigham Young University.



Troyan, Francis J. (2008, August). Being authentic: Assessing standards-based tasks in a content-based curriculum. //The Language Educator, 3//(4), 52-54. ([|Rubrics used in Troyan's classes])

Van Hof, Jill. [|Things I learned today: Using a journal for closure]. //ASCD Express, 6//(8). Retrieved January 30, 2011, from []





=Characteristics of Successful Teachers= = = ABC News. (2010, February 26). What makes great teachers. //ABC News.// Available online at: []

media type="youtube" key="7bIQ4-3XSxU?rel=0" height="315" width="420"

Bell, Teresa R. (2005). [|Behaviors and attitudes of effective foreign language teachers: Results of a questionnaire study]. //Foreign Language Annals, (38)//2, 259-270. Retrieved August 15, 2014, from http://www.brandeis.edu/departments/roms/pdfs/strategies-behaviors.pdf

Characteristics of effective foreign language instruction. //National Association of Supervisors of Foreign Languages.// Available online at: Characteristics%20of%20Effective%20FL%20Instruc.

Johnson, Ben. (2013, June 28). [|Great teachers don't teach]. //Edutopia.// Retrieved June 28, 2013, from

[]

Spiegel, Alix. (2012, September 17). Teachers' expectations can influence how students perform. //NPR.// Available online at: []

[|Truly Amazing Teacher (Video)] - Interactive, caring science teacher

=Content-based Instruction= = =

=Culture=


 * Bateman, Blair E. (2004). [|Achieving affective and behavioral outcomes in culture learning: The case for ethnographic interviews]. //Foreign Language Annals, 37,// 240-253. Retrieved September 1, 2008, from http://tinyurl.com/577qsl**


 * Calico Languages. [|Best authentic resources for world language teachers]. //Calico Languages.// **


 * Galloway, Vicki. (2001). [|Giving dimension to mappaemundi: The matter of perspective]. In V. Galloway (Ed.), //Teaching Cultures of the Hispanic World: Products and Practices in Perspective// (pp. 3-63). Mason, OH: Thompson Learning Custom Publishing. (AATSP Professional Development Series Handbook, Vol. 4). ([|Part 1], [|Part 2], [|Part 3],** [|**Rooted in Culture Worksheets**]**) Retrieved September 1, 2008, from http://www.learner.org/channel/workshops/tfl/session_05/before.html**

Galloway, V. (1999). Bridges and boundaries: Growing the cross-cultural mind. In M. A. Kassen (Ed.), // Language learners of tomorrow: Process and promise // (Northeast Conference Reports, pp. 151-187). Lincolnwood, IL: National Textbook.

Mantle-Bromley, Corinne. (1992). Preparing students for meaningful culture learning. //Foreign Language Annals, 25//, 117-127.

Mora, Pat. [|Listen to the desert/Oye al desierto interview] //.// Google Videos. Describes how her books include the pieces of her experience that were missing in her own educational experiences and how important such connections are for bilingual children in order to motivate them to develop literacy skills in both languages user:chericem1

Moore, Zena T. (1994). The portfolio and testing culture. In C. R. Hancock (Ed.), //Teaching, Testing and Assessment: Making the Connection// (1994 Northeast Conference Report, pp. 163-182). Lincolnwood, IL: National Textbook.

Peterson, Elizabeth, & Coltrane, Bronwyn. (2003). [|Culture in second language teaching]. //CAL Digests.// EDO FL-03-09. Retrieved December 10, 2011, from []

Phillips, Elaine. (2001). IC? I see! Developing learners' intercultural competence. //LOTE CED Communiqué, 3.// Retrieved December 10, 2011, from []

Schultz, Renate A. [|The challenge of assessing cultural understanding in the context of foreign language instruction]. //Foreign Language Annals, 40// (1), 9-26. Retrieved Sept. 1, 2008, from http://www.uni-leipzig.de/master-daf/expertenseminar/doc/schulz_flannalssub2006.pdf

Sinicrope, C., Norris, J., & Watanabe, Y. (n.d.). [|Understanding and assessing intercultural competence: A summary of theory, research, and practice].

Shedivy, Sandy. (2007, Spring). [|Lies my Spanish textbooks tell]. //Rethinking Schools, 21//(3). Retrieved January 3, 2009, from http://www.rethinkingschools.org/archive/21_03/lies213.shtml




 * Taylor, James, & Luckau, Paul F. (1996/1986). Chapter 11 - Teach culture? I only have time to teach the language! //Fundamentals of language teaching: What every Spanish teacher needs to know.// Brigham Young University.**

Yu, Alan. (2014, January 2). [|How language seems to shape one's view of the world]. //NPR.// Retrieved January 11, 2014, from http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/12/30/258376009/how-language-seems-to-shape-ones-view-of-the-world

=Differentiation= (See also: Students with Special Needs)

Hing, Julianne. (2012, October 16). [|Florida passes education plan that sets goals for students based on their race]. Retrieved October 16, 2012, from []

=Educational Policy=

Rosenbusch, M. H. (2005). The No Child Left Behind Act and teaching and learning languages in U.S. Schools. //Modern Language Journal, 89//, 250-261. Available online at []





=[|The First Year]=



media type="youtube" key="5fjjZLQ6VOk?rel=0" height="315" width="560" (Part of a series)

media type="youtube" key="e6wAMC41ZXQ?rel=0" height="315" width="420"

[|First Year Teachers: A Year in the Life] media type="custom" key="20895804"



= = [|Teacher Salary Schedules & Comparisons 2010-2011 (Utah)]

[|Teachers hold 'grade-in' demonstration at Annapolis Mall]

=Heritage/Native Speakers=

Draper, J. B., & Hicks, J. H. (2000). Where we’ve been; what we’ve learned. In J. B. Webb & B. L. Miller (Eds.), //Teaching heritage language learners: Voices from the classroom// (ACTFL Foreign Language Education Series, pp. 15-35). Yonkers, NY: ACTFL.

Escamilla, K. (1999). [|Teaching literacy in Spanish]. In R. DeVillar & J. Tinajero (eds.). (2000). // The Power of Two Languages //. New York: McMillan/McGraw-Hill, 126-141. Retrieved July 23, 2009, from[] Now available from:

http://nepc.colorado.edu/files/Report_3.pdf

Mora, Pat. [|Listen to the desert/Oye al desierto interview] //. // Google Videos. Describes how her books include the pieces of her experience that were missing in her own educational experiences and how important such connections are for bilingual children in order to motivate them to develop literacy skills in both languages

Roca, A., & Colombi, A.C. (n.d.). Why start and maintain an SNS program? // Center for Applied Linguistics. // Available online at []



=Legal, Moral, & Social Issues=

Baker, Debra. (2009, February 23). [|This is what I learned today]. //To the Finish Line.// Retrieved March 1, 2009, from http://msbaker.edublogs.org/2009/02/23/this-is-what-i-learned-today/#comment-71

Ferriter, Bill. (2012, January 29). [|What if schools created a culture of "do" instead of a culture of "know?"] The Tempered Radical. Retrieved January 29, 2012, from []

=Motivation=

Busteed, Brandon. (2013, January 7). [|The school cliff: Student engagement drops with each year]. //The Gallup Blog.// Retrieved January 13, 2013, from http://thegallupblog.gallup.com/2013/01/the-school-cliff-student-engagement.html

Dishman, Lydia. (2012, February 16). [|Why Pinterest is so addictive]. //Fast Company.// Retrieved February 20, 2012, from []

[|Nice White Lady] - Video that spoofs many popular movies about successful teachers (such as Stand & Deliver, etc.)



The Green Mailbox. (2014, January 25). [|No textbooks, no objectives, no curriculum, no teacher, and no tests . . . the new project-based learning model]. //The Green Mailbox.// Retrieved February 18, 2014, from http://greenmailbox.wordpress.com/2014/01/25/dewitt-high-school-students-at-work-building-the-first-reprap-printer/

van Gorp, Trevor. (2010, August 17). [|Emotional design with A.C.T. - Part 1]. //Boxesandarrows.// Retrieved January 8, 2012 from, []

Welch, Tom. (2013, January 7). [|Editing kodachrome]. //Twelchconsulting.com Blog.// Retrieved January 7, 2013, from http://twelchconsulting.com/blog/2013/01/07/editing-kodachrome/

Wright, Shelley. (2013, November 14). [|Why academic teaching doesn't help kids excel in life]. //Mind/Shift.// Retrieved November 17, 2013, from []

=National Standards=

American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. (2012). ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines 2012. Available online at: []

Heining-Boynton, A. L. (1996). Standards and foreign language teacher education: Developing new professionals during a time of reform. In R. C. Lafayette (Ed.), //National Standards: A catalyst for reform// (ACTFL Foreign Language Education Series, pp. 39-55). Lincolnwood, IL: National Textbook.

National Standards in Foreign Language Learning Project. (1999). //Standards for foreign language// // learning in the 21st century // (pp. 9-15, 31-38). Alexandria, VA: Author.

[|World-Readiness Standards for Learning Languages]

=Pedagogy=

[|Immersion]

[|First Class Ice-breakers Using Global Devices] ([|Question Cup])



[|Photo Prompts]

Bennett, Brian E. (2012, August 7). [|Flipped classrooms: Let's change the discussion]. //SmartBlog on Education.// Retrieved August 7, 2012, from []

Boss, Suzie, & Krauss, Jane. (2007, August). [|Power of the mashup: Combining essential learning with new technology tools]. //Learning & Leading with Technology.// Retrieved Sept. 17, 2008, from [] (Focuses on principles but uses tools as examples)

Brown, John Seely, & Adler, Richard P. (2008, January/February). Minds on fire: Open education, the long tail, and learning 2.0. //Educause Review,// 16-32. Retrieved Sept. 5, 2008, from http://www.educause.edu/educatingthenetgen/5989?time=1220658374 (Choose a chapter to read)

http://www.edutopia.org/blog/using-qr-codes-in-classroom-monica-burns

Clark, Donald. (2011, Dec. 17). [|More pedagogic change in the last 10 years than the last 1000 years--all driven by 10 technology innovations]. //Donald Clark Plan B// //(Blogspot).// Retrieved December 22, 2011 from []

Dieu, Barbara, & Stevens, Vance. (2007, June). [|Pedagogical affordances of syndication, aggregation, and mash-up of content on the web].//TESL-EJ, 11//(1), 1-15. Retrieved March 1, 2008, from [|http://tesl-ej.org/ej41/int.html] (Provides an overview of tools one might use in an ESL/FL classroom)

Glass, Graham. (2007, May 29). [|Education mashups]. //Graham Glass, etc.// Retrieved March 3, 2008, from http://grahamglass.blogs.com/main/2007/05/microlearning_a.html (You may read this for your own edification, but it will NOT count toward the reading requirement for class - focuses on using technology to share materials)



Henry, Jeff, & Meadows, Jeff. (2008, Winter). [|An absolutely riveting online course: Nine principles for excellence in web-based teaching].//Canadian Journal of Learning & Technology, 34//(1). Retrieved July 27, 2009, from [](Focuses on principles, not tools)

Hodgins, Wayne. (2007, July 25). [|Mishmash of mashups]. //Off Course--On Target.// Retrieved March 3, 2008, from http://waynehodgins.typepad.com/ontarget/2007/07/mishmash-of-mas.html (Discusses the idea of mashups as a concept, not a tool)

IntrepidTeacher. (2009, September 30). [|There's No Such Thing As Virtual: It Is All Teaching]. //IntrepidTeacher (Edublogs).// Retrieved September 30, 2009, from http://intrepidteacher.edublogs.org/2009/09/30/theres-no-such-thing-as-virtual-it-is-all-teaching/comment-page-1/#comment-400 (Focuses on insights gained re: pedagogy as a result of having to use tech due to swine flu)

Johnson, Ben. (2013, June 28). [|Great teachers don't teach]. //Edutopia.// Retrieved June 28, 2013, from []

Kay, Matthew. (2008, September 14). [|Teaching without a script]. //New York Times.// Retrieved September 15, 2008, from http://lessonplans.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/09/14/script-free-teaching/?ei=5070&emc=eta1

Kolowich, Steve. (2010, September 29). [|Searching for better research habits]. //Inside Higher Ed.// Retrieved October 1, 2010, from [] (Article advocates that we teach students what search makes available & a conceptual understanding of how search works, as opposed to algorithms and interfaces, which are constantly changing)

Lamb, Brian. (2007). [|Dr. Mashup; or, why educators should stop worrying and love the remix]. // Educause. // Retrieved Sept. 5, 2008, from [] Now available from: [] (Very nice definition of mashups, outlines issues they have created in terms of intellectual property, considers affordances of the concept for educators)

Leal, Diego. (2008, December 1). [|Una revisión de "El futuro de la educación" de Thomas Frey (Parte 1)]. // DiegoLeal.org. // Retrieved November 25, 2009, from [] (Blog post in Spanish with quotations in English that considers the shifting roles of teachers and learners in a world of fast-paced technological change)

LeLoup, Jean W. and Ponterio, Robert. (2005). Technology and foreign language instruction: Where we have been, where we are now, where we are headed. In //ACTFL 2005-2015 Realizing Our Vision of Languages for All//, pp. 153-174.

Levy, Suzanne. (2003, Spring). Six factors to consider when planning online distance learning programs in higher education. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, Volume VI(I). Retrieved March 25, 2010, from[] - Useful article that outlines 6 key areas administrators often fail to consider when implementing online learning programs: vision, curriculum/pedagogy, staff training, student services, student training, copyright/intellectual property.

Kay, Matthew. (2008, September 14). [|Teaching without a script]. //New York Times.// Retrieved September 15, 2008, from http://lessonplans.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/09/14/script-free-teaching/?ei=5070&emc=eta1

McBride, Melanie. (2009, July 3). [|The hidden curriculum of 21st century learning]. //MelanieMcbride.net//. Retrieved September 14, 2009, from [] (This article focuses on key concepts related to curriculum and literacy in a 21st Century world)

Nielson, K. (2011). [|Self-study with language learning software in the workplace: What happens?] Language Learning & Technology, 15(3), 110-129. ([|Full study]) ([|Blog Post])


 * Nonacs, Peter. (2013, April 22). [|Cheating to learn: How a UCLA professor gamed a game theory midterm]. KCRW: Which way LA? Retrieved April 25, 2013, from** **[]**

Oblinger, Diane G., & Oblinger, James L. (2005). //[|Educating the Net Generation]//. Educause. Retrieved Sept. 5, 2008, from http://www.educause.edu/educatingthenetgen/5989?time=1220658374 (Choose a chapter to read)

(2007, October 12). [|Mashups]. //Open, connected, and social.// Retrieved March 1, 2008, from http://openconnectedsocial.learningparty.net/wiki/page/Mashups

Pillars, Wendi. (2011, December 20). [|Teachers as brain-changers: Neuroscience and learning]. //Education Week.// Retrieved January 5, 2012, from []

Prensky, Marc. (2001, October). [|Digital natives, digital immigrants]. //On the Horizon, 9//(5). NCB University Press. Retrieved June 27, 2006, from http://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20-%20Digital%20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part1.pdf

Rheingold, Howard. (2008). Using participatory media and public voice to encourage civic engagement. Civic Life Online: Learning How Digital Media Can Engage Youth. Edited by W. Lance Bennett. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Series on Digital Media and Learning. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 97–118. Retrieved December 13, 2007, from http://tinyurl.com/4kmjkr Currently available: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/dmal.9780262524827.097



Read: [|To Learn and to Teach More Effectively] by Elder Richard G. Scott

Shrum, Judith L., & Glisan, Eileen W. (2005). Teacher’s handbook: Contextualized language instruction (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Thomson Heinle. ISBN 1-4130-0462-8.


 * Ch. 1 - [[file:Thinking Template for Shrum Glisan 1.doc]]
 * Ch. 2 - [[file:Shrum & Glisan Ch 2 Jigsaw Tasks.doc]][[file:Shrum Glisan Ch. 2 Inside Outside Circles.doc]]
 * Ch. 3 - [[file:Shrum & Glisan Ch 3 Note-taking Sheet.doc]] [[file:Shrum & Glisan Ch 3 Rdg Guide.doc]]
 * Ch. 6 - [[file:Shrum & Glisan Ch. 6 Abbreviated Note-taking Sheet.doc]] [[file:Shrum & Glisan Ch. 6 Detailed Reading Guide.doc]]
 * Ch. 8 - [[file:Shrum & Glisan Ch. 8 Abbreviated Note-taking Sheet.doc]][[file:Shrum & Glisan Ch. 8 Detailed Reading Guide.doc]]

Socol, Ira. (2012, January 3). [|Changing gears 2012: Rejecting the "flip."] //SpeEdChange: Changing Gears.// Retrieved January 5, 2012, from []

Sorid, Daniel. (2008, December 30).[|Writing the web's future in numerous languages]. //New York Times.// Retrieved December 31, 2008, from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/31/technology/internet/31hindi.html?_r=1 (You may read this for your own edification, but it will NOT count toward the reading requirement for class)

Spiro, Rand J., Feltovich, Paul J., Jacobson, Michael I., & Coulson, Richard L. (1991). Cognitive flexibility, constructivism, and hypertext: Random access instruction for advanced knowledge acquisition in ill-structured domains. Retrieved November 3, 2003, from http://phoenix.sce.fct.unl.pt/simposio/Rand_Spiro.htm (Note, this paper is no longer available online.)

Stenlev, Jette. (2003). Cooperative learning in the foreign language classroom. //Sprogforum//. Retrieved April 10, 2009, from http://inet.dpb.dpu.dk/infodok/sprogforum/Espr25/Stenlev.pdf

Taylor, J. S., & Bateman, B. E. (2009). //Fundamentals of language teaching: What every Spanish teacher// // needs to know // (Chapters 1 and 2). Unpublished manuscript, Brigham Young University.

The Green Mailbox. (2014, January 25). [|No textbooks, no objectives, no curriculum, no teacher, and no tests . . . the new project-based learning model]. //The Green Mailbox.// Retrieved February 18, 2014, from http://greenmailbox.wordpress.com/2014/01/25/dewitt-high-school-students-at-work-building-the-first-reprap-printer/

Vangelova, Luba. (2013, November 13). [|Subverting the system: Student and teacher as equals]. //Mind/Shift.// Retrieved November 18, 2013, from []

Young, Jeffrey R. (2009, July 20). [|When computers leave classrooms, so does boredom]. // The Chronicle of Higher Education. // Retrieved August 25, 2009, from [] (If you are anti-technology, you will probably enjoy this one)

Wallace, Guy W. (2011, November). [|Why is the research on learning styles still being dismissed by some learning leaders and practitioners?] //eLearn Magazine.// Retrieved January 4, 2012, from [|http://elearnmag.acm.org/featured.cfm?aid=2070611#.TwS_1snwZYQ.facebook]

Welch, Tom. (2013, January 7). [|Editing kodachrome]. //Twelchconsulting.com Blog.// Retrieved January 7, 2013, from http://twelchconsulting.com/blog/2013/01/07/editing-kodachrome/

Wiggins, Grant. (2012, March 13). [|Everything you know about curriculum may be wrong really]. //GrantWiggins.// Retrieved January 13, 2013, from []

Wright, Shelley. (2013, November 14). [|Why academic teaching doesn't help kids excel in life]. //Mind/Shift.// Retrieved November 17, 2013, from []

=Professionalism=

media type="custom" key="26448102"

=Program Models= = = American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. (1990). Characteristics of effective elementary school foreign language programs. Available online at: http://www.actfl.org/advocacy/discover-languages/for-parents/characteristics

(2012). Lipton wants foreign language comeback in elementary schools. //Lewisboro Ledger.// Available online at: []

=Purposes of Education=

Center for the Improvement of Teacher Education and Schooling. (2007). //Agenda for education in a// // democracy. // Brigham Young University, Provo, UT: Author. Available online at []

Center on Education Policy. (2007). //Why we still need public schools: Public education for the common// // good. // Washington, DC: Author. Available online at



=Second Language Acquisition= = =

= Social Issues in Education =

Brown, DeNeen L. (2009, May 18). [|The high cost of poverty: Why the poor pay more]. //Washington Post.// Retrieved January 29, 2012, from h ttp://wapo.st/AC89Xb

- Excellent blog post that questions the value of narratives about "superteachers."

[|Nice White Lady] - Video that spoofs many popular movies about successful teachers (such as Stand & Deliver, etc.)

=Students with Special Needs=



BeforeItsNews.com. (2013, June 10). [|Autistic boy with higher IQ than Einstein discovers his gift after being removed from state-run therapy]. Retrieved June 18, 2013, from []

Boucher, Toni. (n.d.). [|10 myths about high functioning autism and sensory disintegration disorder]. Retrieved January 10, 2014, from []

Evarrs, S. B., & Knotek, S. E. (2006). Foreign language and special education. In A. L. Heining-Boynton (Ed.), //ACTFL 2005-2015: Realizing our vision of languages for all// (ACTFL Foreign Language Education Series, pp. 117-134). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

Fisher, Tamara. (2012, September 30). Unwrapping the gifted: What it really boils down to. //Education Week.// Available: []

Ganschow, Leonore, & Schneider, Elke. (2006). [|Assisting students with foreign language learning difficulties in school]. //LDOnline.// Retrieved December 13, 2013, from []

Hodge, Margarita E. (1998, Spring). [|Teaching foreign language to at-risk learners: A challenge for the new millenium]. //Inquiry,// 2(1). 68-78. Retrieved December 13, 2013, from []

Schwarz, Robin L. (1997, October). [|Learning disabilities and foreign language learning]. //Reading Rockets.// Retrieved December 13, 2013, from []

=Target Language Use=

Bateman, Blair. (2008, Spring). Student teachers' attitudes and beliefs about using the target language in the classroom. //Foreign Language Annals, 41,// 11-28.


 * Halliwell, Susan, & Jones, Barry. (1991). [|On target: Teaching in the target language]. Pathfinder 5. A CILT Series for Language Teachers. Retrieved September 26, 2009 from [].**


 * LeLoup, Jean, Pontiero, Bob, & Warford, Mark. (2013, September). [|Overcoming resistance to 90% target language use: Rationale, challenges, and suggestions]. //NECTFL Review, 72,// 45-60.**

=Teacher Licensing, Standards, & Credentials= Certification & Licensure on the LanguageLinks 2006 Wiki

[|BYU's Information on Teacher Licensure]

Activity Sheets; Agenda for Today; Assignments for Today; Important Dates; Links to Supplemental Resources; Program Links (BYU); Reading List; Student Pages; Syllabus & Schedule; Tech Tools

CM; CMAgendas